fa اثربخشی آموزش به شیوه کلاس درس معکوس مبتنی بر بارشناختی بر مهارت های تفکر سطح بالای دانشجویان دانشگاه فرهنگیان عمومى General پژوهشی-کمی Quantitative-Research <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مقدمه: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">رشد مهارت</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های یادگیری و تفکر&shy; سطح&shy; بالا در آموزش، یکی از الزامات اساسی جامعه علمی امروز است.&nbsp;&nbsp;لذا این پژوهش با هدف تعیین اثربخشی آموزش به شیوه کلاس &shy;درس &shy;معکوس مبتنی&shy;بر بارشناختی بر مهارت</span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های تفکر سطح </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بالای دانشجویان</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دختر دانشگاه فرهنگیان انجام شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">روش کار: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پژوهش&shy; حاضر یک مطالعه کارآزمایی&shy; بالینی و نیمه&shy; آزمایشی</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">با طرح</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> پیش&shy; آزمون-پس &shy;آزمون و با </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">گروه </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کنترل بود. جامعه</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آماری، شامل کلیه دانشجویان دختر کارشناسی </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">پیوسته رشته آموزش ابتدایی دانشگاه فرهنگیان چابهار در نیمسال اول سال</span></span></span></span> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">تحصیلی 1403-1402 بودند که واحد درسی پژوهش &shy;و </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">توسعه حرفه&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ای را اخذ کرده بودند. تعداد دانشجویان 60 نفر بود که به روش سرشماری</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> کامل</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> و تخصیص تصادفی به شیوه قرعه کشی در گروه آزمایش و گواه (هر گروه 30 نفر) قرار گرفتند. داده&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها با استفاده از پرسش</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نامه مهارت</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">های تفکر سطح بالای محرری (1397) جمع &shy;آوری شدند. آموزش درس پژوهش و توسعه حرفه&shy; ای به شیوه کلاس دروس معکوس مبتنی بر بارشناختی در گروه آزمایش طی 12 جلسه 90 دقیقه&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ای با رعایت ساختار 7 مرحله &shy;ای انجام گرفت. داده&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">ها با استفاده از تحلیل&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">کواریانس تک و چند متغیره&nbsp; در نرم افزار </span></span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">spss-23</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"> تحلیل شدند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته &shy;ها: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">یافته&shy; ها نشان داد بین میانگین نمرات </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">مهارت&shy;های تفکر سطح</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">بالای </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در مرحله پیش &shy;آزمون و پس &shy;آزمون تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد</span></span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">(001/0</span></span></span></span> <span dir="LTR" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">P<</span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">)</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">. براساس ضرایب اتا، 61 درصد تفاوت در نمرات پس&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">آزمون متغیر اکتشاف مربوط به تأثیر کلاس </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy;</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">درس</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="color:black">&shy; </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">معکوس مبتنی&shy; بر بارشناختی بوده است.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">نتیجه&shy; گیری: </span></span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black">با توجه به اینکه کلاس&shy; درس &shy;معکوس مبتنی &shy;بر بارشناختی می&shy; تواند بر رشد فرایندهای تفکر دانشجویان مؤثر باشد و مهارت&shy;های سطح &shy;بالای تفکر را در آنان تقویت&nbsp; نماید، پیشنهاد می &shy;گردد این روش به &shy;عنوان یک شیوه مؤثر تدریس در دانشگاه &shy;ها اشاعه یابد.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:150%"><span b="" mitra="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp; Introduction: The development of learning skills and high-level thinking in education is one of the basic requirements of today&#39;s scientific society. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of flipped classroom teaching based on The cognitive load on high-level thinking skills of female students of Farhangian University.<br> Method: This research was a clinical and semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population included all undergraduate female students in the field of elementary education at Farhangian University of Chabahar in the first semester of the academic year 2023-2024, who had taken the research and professional development course. The number of students was 60, who were placed in the test group and control group (30 people in each group) by complete census method and random allocation by lottery. The data were collected using the high-level thinking skills questionnaire of Maharhari (2017). Teaching the course of research and professional development using the method of flipped classroom based on cognitive load In the experimental group, it was done in 12 sessions of 90 minutes, following the 7-step structure. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance in Spss-23 software.<br> Findings: The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of high-level thinking skills of the two experimental and control groups in the pre-test and post-test stages (P<0.001). Based on the eta coefficients, 61% of the difference in the post-test scores of the exploration variable was related to the effect of the flipped classroom based on cognitive load.<br> Conclusion: Considering that the flipped classroom based on cognitive load can be effective in the development of students&#39; thinking processes and strengthen their high-level thinking skills, this method is suggested as an effective teaching method in Universities.<br> &nbsp; مهارت های تفکر, شناخت, یادگیری معکوس, دانشجویان Thinking skills, Cognitive, Reversal learning, College students 1 11 http://jne.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1674-2&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 asma mollazehi اسماء ملازهی mollazehi1365@gmail.com 100319475328460028188 100319475328460028188 No farhangian university دانشگاه فرهنگیان Gholamreza Sanagouye Moharer غلامرضا ثناگوی محرر reza.sanagoo@gmail.com 100319475328460028189 100319475328460028189 Yes Azad University دانشگاه آزاد Mohammad Ali Fardin محمدعلی فردین m.fardin@iauzah.ac.ir 100319475328460028190 100319475328460028190 No Azad University دانشگاه آزاد